Faculty & Contact | Bishop's University

Below is a list of faculty that are active in the department, and available to students with course specific questions. If you need administrative support, we encourage you to refer your questions to one of the following;

The Chair of the department can address detailed program questions, including program requirements, planning and selection, research opportunities, graduate studies, and more.
The Academic Advisor, if available, can offer support including course registration and course load, important dates, academic policies and more.
The Academic Deans serve as the academic and administrative anchors to the professors within their Faculties or Schools as well as the students.

Faculty of Biology and Biochemistry

Contact Information is found in the BU Directory

Dr. Patrick Bergeron

Associate Professor

Dr. Patrick Bergeron is an associate professor in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in Wildlife Biology at McGill and his PhD in Evolutionary Biology and Behavioural Ecology at the Université de Sherbrooke. He was also a postdoctoral fellow in population genetics at Dartmouth College (NH) and in biostatistics and epidemiology at the CRCHUS. His main research themes focus on life-history trade-offs and behavioral ecology.

Website: https://bergeron-ecophysio.wixsite.com/b-lab

Google Scholar profile

Dr. Marylène Boulet

Senior Instructor

Dr. Estelle Chamoux

Full Professor

My teaching interests are focused on cell biology and molecular biology related to human health and diseases. Firstly educated in France for undergraduate and MSc degrees, I then earned my PhD in cell biology at Sherbrooke’s University, with a specialization in gland development in early human life. Since then, I continued with a Post-doctoral fellowship in immunology at Laval University. I’m now part of Dr Roux’s laboratory in Sherbrooke’s hospital, where I’m working on skeletal diseases. My studies are particularly concentrated on discovering how bone-notching cells (osteoclasts) become out of control in several pathologies. My best motivation is to help students to realize their dreams.

Book chapters:

Roux S and Chamoux E
Chapter VI : Osteoclast apoptosis
In: Cell Apoptotic Signalling Pathways. Edited by C.O. Pickens, Nova Publishers (Hauppauge, NY) 2007

Gallo-Payet N, Gendron L, Chamoux E and Payet MD
AT2 Receptor of Angiotensin II and Cellular Differentiation
In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology – Angiotensin Part 3. Edited by T. Unger, Springer Verlag (Berlin) 2002

Publications:

Chamoux E, Houde N, L’Eriger K and Roux S.
Osteoprotegerin decreases human osteoclast apoptosis by inhibiting trail pathway. J Cell Physiol, In press

Chetoui N, Gendron S, Chamoux E, Aoudjit F.
Collagen type I-mediated activation of ERK/MAP Kinase is dependent on Ras, Raf-1 and protein phosphatase 2A in Jurkat T cells. Mol Immunol. 2006 Apr;43(10):1687-93.

Chamoux E, Otis M, Gallo-Payet N.
A connection between extracellular matrix and hormonal signals during the development of the human fetal adrenal gland.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2005 Oct;38(10):1495-503. Epub 2005 Sep 6. Review. Erratum in: Braz J Med Biol Res. 2005 Dec;38(12):1889.

Chamoux E, Narcy A, Lehoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
Fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV interact with ACTH and angiotensin II to dictate specific cell behavior and secretion in human fetal adrenal cells in culture. Endocr Res. 2002 Nov;28(4):637-40.

Chamoux E, Narcy A, Lehoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
Fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV as modulators of cell behavior during adrenal gland development in the human fetus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1819-28.

Chamoux E, Bolduc L, Lehoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
Identification of extracellular matrix components and their integrin receptors in the human fetal adrenal gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 May;86(5):2090-8.

Chamoux E, LeHoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
The AT2 receptor of angiotensin II and apoptosis in human fetal adrenal gland. Endocr Res. 2000 Nov;26(4):955-7.

Breault L, Chamoux E, Lehoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
Localization of G protein alpha-subunits in the human fetal adrenal gland. Endocrinology. 2000 Dec;141(12):4334-41.

Chamoux E, Breault L, Lehoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
Involvement of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor in apoptosis during human fetal adrenal gland development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Dec;84(12):4722-30.

Breault L, Chamoux E, Lehoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
The role of angiotensin II in human adrenal gland development. Endocr Res. 1998 Aug-Nov;24(3-4):953-4..

Chamoux E, Breault L, LeHoux JG, Gallo-Payet N.
Comparative effects of ACTH, PACAP, and VIP on fetal human adrenal cells. Endocr Res. 1998 Aug-Nov;24(3-4):943-6.

Chamoux E, Coxam V, Lebecque P, Davicco MJ, Miller SC, Barlet JP.
Influence of sex steroids on development of cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones. Growth Dev Aging. 1997 Summer;61(2):79-91.

Patricia Elias

Contract Faculty

Dr. Kerry Hull

Full Professor, Vice-Principal Academic and Research

Dr. Hull is a Full Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences. She teaches courses in Animal/Human Physiology, Human Anatomy, Exercise Physiology, and the History of Biology. She earned her Bachelor’s degree in Biology and her PhD in Endocrinology at University of Alberta, and has also undertaken research projects at universities in Delaware, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Her research interests focus on the involvement of hormones in growth and reproduction. She has recently co-authored an Anatomy and Physiology textbook entitled “Human Form, Human Function” and is also involved in the preparation of pedagogical material, lab manuals and study guides.

Growth hormone stimulates growth by binding receptors, resulting in the formation of a complex that induces a response. It remains unclear if receptors can form complexes without growth hormone. Dr. Hull is investigating that question by examining complex formation by normal receptors and by mutated receptors that cannot bind growth hormone.

The objectives of the project are:

To use Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to quantify growth hormone receptor dimerization in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane in the presence and absence of growth hormone;
To examine the possibility of growth hormone-induced conformational changes in preformed growth hormone receptor dimers using FRET and photobleaching;
To determine the effect of mutations in the chicken growth hormone receptor that inhibit receptor binding or inhibit growth hormone action by an unknown mechanism on growth hormone receptor dimerization.

This analysis is the first to explicitly examine growth hormone receptor dimerization using FRET.

Andreanne Lessard

Contract Faculty

Genevieve Levasseur

Laboratory Coordinator

Dr. Elizabeth Prusak

Full Professor

Dr. Prusak is Full Professor in the Department of Chemistry, and teaches courses in biochemistry, organic chemistry, and immunology. She received her Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering from Technical University, Poland and her doctorate in Biochemistry at the Polish Academy of Sciences. She worked as Research Associate at the Biochemical Laboratory of the Polish Academy of Sciences from 1979 to 1986 and at the Biotechnology Research Institute in Montreal from 1987 to 1990. Her research interest is microbial physiology and involves the study of enzymes and metabolic pathways in which quinoprotein enzymes participate in the utilization and production of microbial primary and secondary metabolites.

Dr. Prusak is currently working on two research projects. The first involves the study of metabolic pathways of acetone degradation and has the potential to help eliminate environmental contaminants. Her second project, in collaboration with her colleague Dr. Mihai Scarlete, researches the application of miniature optical sensors called silicon oxynitride waveguides to monitor biochemical reactions, and could lead to development of a new generation of small biosensors.

Metabolic Pathways of Acetone Degradation

Dr. Prusak aims to identify soil bacteria able to degrade acetone and to characterize their metabolic pathways. Very few microorganisms are known to use acetone as a carbon source, and we don’t clearly understand how bacteria metabolize acetone. Yet biodegradation of acetone is very important because although acetone is volatile and dissipates into the environment instead of accumulating in a given area, it still remains toxic. Understanding of acetone degradation could contribute to elimination of important environmental contaminants. Characterization of the acetone-utilizing enzyme is also important to take the full advantage of the metabolic process.

Application of Silicon Oxynitride Waveguides

Dr. Prusak and Dr. Mihai Scarlete are collaborating to apply Dr. Scarlete’s waveguide microsystems to monitor biochemical reactions. Many organic compounds absorb light only in the ultra-violet region, and traditional waveguides do not perform well below 400 nanometres. Dr. Scarlete’s use of silicon oxynitrides, on the other hand, allows for the creation of a transparent waveguide applicable at a molecular level, and which therefore has potential applications in biochemical analysis. Polymer-Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition is used to produce the waveguides and they are tested to determine their use in monitoring enzyme-catalyzed reactions or binding of biochemical molecules.

Dr. Michael Richardson

Associate Professor

Dr Michael Richardson is Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences. He teaches a variety of courses including Introductory Biology, Ichthyology and Herpetology, Ornithology and Mammalogy, Comparative Anatomy, Freshwater Biology, Animal Behaviour, and Introduction to Evolution and Ecology. His undergraduate and graduate training was in Wildlife Biology from the Macdonald Campus of McGill University. Michael’s graduate research involved using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as a model for better understanding how exotic fish become established in local lakes and ponds, and the impacts they have on native ecosystems.

Dr Richardson has supervised a diverse selection of undergraduate honours and independent project students involved in behavioural ecology, including studies in the activity budgets of wild turkeys, testicular adduction in howler monkeys, anti-predator vigilance in Harbour seals, age related fecundity in Tree Swallows, and the factors affecting the reproductive performance of Red-breasted Mergansers.

In recent years, Dr. Richardson has been focused on teaching and administrative duties, primarily as Chair of the Biology Department and coordinator for the Peter Curry Marsh.

The Peter Curry Marsh (PCM) is a 3-hectare (7.4 acres) area of wetland surrounded by approximately 11 hectares (27.2 acres) of hayfields and woodland that is located on the eastern side of the campus. Located within a hundred meters of the main campus, this area is protected under a joint agreement between Bishop’s University and Duck’s Unlimited Canada. The area represents an important natural laboratory for students and faculty, and a popular spot for local birders and nature lovers.

Dr. Richardson’s main current research efforts are directed towards a joint project with the Montreal Biosphere into the health of local fish communities and a study of the ambistomid salamanders in the Johnville Bog.

Biosphere Freshwater Fish Network

The Freshwater Fish Network represents a community-based organization of over 70 partners including schools, NGOs, municipalities, and private corporations, all dedicated to preserving the ecological integrity of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes. One of the key aspects of this project is the data collected by as many as 25 schools along the St. Lawrence during supervised sampling trips organized by the Biosphere. Dr. Richardson is attempting to use this data as a means of monitoring the health of fish communities within the St. Lawrence.

Acid Bogs and Salamanders

The Johnville Bog, located just ten minutes from the Bishop’s campus, represents one of the best preserved examples of an acid bog habitat in Eastern Quebec. During an inventory of the amphibian species in 2001, a large number of yellow-spotted (Ambystoma maculatum) and blue-spotted salamander (A. laterale) eggs were found within the three main ponds that make up the bog. Although this species is common in the region, the finding was surprising, given that the acidity of the bogs (pH 3.4-3.8) is significantly lower than the lethal limit for the eggs and larvae of North American salamanders (pH 4.0-4.5). This raises the possibility that the bogs are acting like ecological sinks or traps, drawing in healthy adults from the surrounding “source” populations into the apparently suitable breeding habitats, only to have these young fail to successfully develop. The objective of this study is therefore to try and understand the dynamics of both the salamander species in the Johnville Bog.

Dr. Jade Savage

Full Professor

Dr. Jade Savage completed her bachelor’s degree in Biology in 1998 and her PhD in Entomology in 2004 at McGill University. She joined the Department of Biological Sciences at Bishop’s University in July 2004. She has travelled extensively, throughout North America and abroad, to take part in conferences and research field expeditions in Canada, the United States, Costa Rica, Australia, and Sweden. Dr. Savage was recently awarded four grants from NSERC and FQRNT totalling $108,485 to pursue her work on the systematics and biodiversity of Diptera (true flies).

She is an adjunct professor at the University of Manitoba and an emeritus curator at the Lyman Museum of McGill University and is currently co-supervising two M.Sc. projects through these institutions. The first, by Amy Moores, investigates the impact of patch size on the Diptera fauna of peat bogs of southern Quebec and northern Vermont. The second project, by Anais Renaud, is looking at changes in the distribution and composition of the Diptera fauna of Churchill (Manitoba) over the last century.

The last few decades have seen a rapid increase of interest in conservation biology. While scientists now realize the pressing need to address the rapid loss of biological diversity, they are not always equipped with the proper tools to do so. Vascular plants and vertebrates have generally received most of the attention in terms of conservation efforts, while other species-rich taxa such as the insects have been largely ignored. The main reason for this exclusion is that insects are still lagging much behind most other groups in terms of taxonomic expertise. In an age where total species richness is often the reference measure driving conservation and management efforts, it is quite ironic that the most speciose group of animals should be excluded from a majority of biodiversity studies. In an attempt to remedy this taxonomic impediment, Dr. Savage carries out research on the systematics and biodiversity of the order Diptera.

Her research program aims at documenting the systematics and biodiversity of muscoid Diptera (house flies and relatives) in different target habitats, using a variety of analytical and conceptual approach. Field collections in south eastern Quebec and Ontario and in the arctic regions of North America and Eurasia will allow Dr. Savage to fill some gaps in the distribution record of many species, yield large numbers of species including some new to science, and document biological diversity in some of the most understudied ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. The main contribution of her research program will be to increase knowledge of muscoid Diptera systematics through phylogenetic analyses and the description of new species; produce identification keys allowing non-specialists to identify specimens; and compile data on the ecology and biodiversity of Diptera.

Dr. Ginny (Virginia) Stroeher

Full Professor

Dr. Stroeher is a Full Professor in the Biology Department at Bishop’s University. She earned her Bachelor’s degree in Zoology at Montana State University and completed her graduate work at the University of Washington, studying the role of Hox genes in early development of Drosophila melanogaster. She continued her research development as a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Calgary, studying the genetic regulation of early cell lineage decisions in Caenorhabditis elegans, and subsequently worked as a Research Associate at the University of Alberta, examining the molecular mechanisms of metabolic changes associated with abiotic stress in plants.

Dr. Stroeher’s current research focuses on the potential reintroduction of the North American cougar into Eastern Canada. For years unconfirmed sightings of cougars have been reported in several regions of Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes, yet no physical evidence has been collected on these animals. More important, it is not known whether these sighted cougars represent members of the North American subspecies or escapees from private owners (which tend to be members of South American subspecies). If they represent the former, this suggests a natural reintroduction or expansion of existing populations of cougars in Quebec. It is critical to identify and confirm any introduction or increase of large carnivore populations in a region because of the potential ramifications for the wilderness ecosystem and the endogenous animal population.

The objective of Dr. Stroeher’s current project is to conduct DNA analysis of field samples collected from scent poles set out in several locations across Gaspé, the Eastern Townships, and Mont Tremblant Park. Dr. Stroeher has teamed up with Dr. Marc Gauthier of Envirotel 3000 to gather and analyse hair samples collected once a month from 19 poles covered with Velcro and scented with cougar urine. The rationale was that if the pole was placed in a cougar’s home range, the indigenous cat would mark over the foreign scent and leave tufts of hair attached to the Velcro. This hair would then be used to attempt to isolate and analyse the DNA. The potential impact of these findings is significant. To date the Eastern North American cougar has been categorized as “data deficient” by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, affording it no provincial or federal protection. If Dr. Stroeher’s research is able to demonstrate that, in fact, the North American cougar is re-establishing in Eastern Canada, this will place these animals in the “endangered” category of the Western North American cougar, affording it the federal and international protection conveyed to all endangered species.

Partners

Dr. Marc Gauthier, Envirotel 3000, Inc., Sherbrooke, Quebec.

Funding Sources

Senate Research Committee, Bishop’s University

Student involvement

Dr. Stroeher’s research involves undergraduate students from Bishop’s University.

Stroeher, V.L. 2000. Molecular identification of cougars (Puma concolor) found in Quebec. Journal of Eastern Townships Studies 17:71-73.

Dr. Sarathi Weraduwage

Full Professor

Dr. Sarathi Weraduwage is a full professor in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry. She holds her bachelor’s degree in Botany from the University of Colombo and earned her Ph.D. in Plant Agriculture from the University of Guelph. She has 20 years of academic experience, including 15 years of research and many years of teaching and mentoring.

Over the past years, She has published 23 scientific papers and articles, given nine oral presentations, and 16 in poster form. Her recent research interest involves the effects of isoprene on plant growth and tolerance to stress and the underlying molecular and signaling mechanisms of how isoprene protects leaves and photosynthesis under environmental stress. She also investigates the relationship between photosynthesis and plant growth and genes that can affect this relationship through effects on leaf architecture. She will be investigating the underlying mechanisms through which leaf area growth is affected under different environmental conditions, the cell wall-modifying enzymes involved in this process, and how enhancing the genetic potential for leaf area growth by manipulating specific cell wall-modifying enzymes can be used as a strategy to increase sink capacity, whole plant C gain, and yield.

Weraduwage SM, Whitten D, Kulke M, Sahu A, Vermaas JV, Sharkey TD (2023). The isoprene responsive phosphoproteome of Arabidopsis thaliana provides new insights into the putative signaling pathways and novel roles of isoprene. Plant Cell Environ. 1-19.
Sahu A, Mostofa MG, Weraduwage SM, and Sharkey TD (2023). Hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate accumulation reveals MEP pathway regulation for high CO₂-induced suppression of isoprene emission. PNAS. 120: e2309536120.
Kulke M, Weraduwage SM, Sharkey TD, Vermass JV (2023). Nanoscale Simulation of the Thylakoid Membrane Response to Extreme Temperatures. Plant Cell Environ. 1-13.
Weraduwage SM, Sahu A, Kulke M, Vermaas JV, Sharkey TD (2023) Characterization of promoter elements of isoprene-responsive genes and the ability of isoprene to bind START domain transcription factors. Plant Direct 7, e483.
Khana DB, Tatli M, Vazquez JR, Weraduwage SM, Stern N, Hebert AS, Trujillo EA, Stevenson DM, Coon JJ, Sharky TD, Amador-Nogueza D (2023). Systematic Analysis of Metabolic Bottlenecks in the Methylerythritol 4-Phosphate (MEP) Pathway of Zymomonas mobilis. mSystems 8; e0009223.
Weraduwage SM, Rasulov B, Sahu A, Niinemets Ü, and Sharkey TD (2022). Isoprene measurements to assess plant hydrocarbon emissions and the methylerythritol pathway. In: Joseph Jez (ed), Methods in Enzymology: Biochemical Pathways and Environmental Responses in Plants. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Weraduwage SM, Frame MK, Sharkey TD (2022). Role of guard cell- or mesophyll cell-localized phytochromes in stomatal responses to blue, red, and far-red light. Planta, 256, 55.
Bibik JD, Weraduwage SM, Banerjee A, Robertson K, Espinoza-Corral R, Sharkey TD, Lundquist PK, and Hamberger BR (2022). Pathway engineering, re-targeting, and synthetic scaffolding improves production capacity of squalene in plants. ACS Synth. Biol. 11, 2121–2133.
Neofotis N , Temple J , Tessmer OL , Bibik J, Norris N, Poliner E, Lucker B, Weraduwage SM, Withrow A, Sears B, Mogos G , Frame M, Hall D, Weissman J, and Kramer DM (2021). The induction of pyrenoid synthesis by hydrogen peroxide and its implications for the natural diversity of tolerance to hyperoxia in Chlamydomonas. eLife, 10:e67565.
Gonzalez-Esquer CR (Co-first), Ferlez B (Co-first), Weraduwage SM (Co-first), Lantz AT, Turmo A, Sharkey TD, Kerfeld C (2021). Validation of an insertion-engineered isoprene synthase as a strategy to functionalize terpene synthases. RSC Advances, 11, 29997-30005.
Monson RK, Weraduwage SM, Rosenkranz M, Schnitzler J-P, Sharkey TD (2020). Leaf isoprene emission as a trait that mediates the growth-defense tradeoff in the face of climate stress. Oecologia.
Sharkey TD, Preiser AL, Weraduwage SM, Gog L (2020). Source of ¹²C in Calvin–Benson cycle intermediates and isoprene emitted from plant leaves fed with ¹³CO₂. Biochemical Journal, 477: 3237-3252.
Lantz AT, Allman J, Weraduwage SM, Sharkey TD (2019). Control of rate and physiological role of isoprene emission from plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 42: 2808–2826.
Lantz A, Solomon C, Gog L, McClain A, Weraduwage SM, Sharkey TD (2019). Isoprene suppression by CO₂ is not due to triose phosphate utilization (TPU) limitation. Frontiers in Forests and Global Changee 2:8
Soltani A, Weraduwage SM, Sharkey TD, Lowry DB (2019). Elevated temperatures cause loss of seed set potentially through the disruption of source-sink relationships. BMC genomics, 20:312.
Li J, Weraduwage SM,Preiser AL, Weise SE, Strand DD, Froehlich JE, Kramer DM, Hu J, Sharkey TD (2019). A cytosolic bypass and G6P shunt in plants lacking peroxisomal hydroxypyruvate reductase. Plant Physiology 180: 783–792.
Zuo Z (Co-first), Weraduwage SM (Co-first), Lantz AT, Sanchez LM, Weise SE, Sharkey TD (2019). Isoprene acts as a signaling molecule in gene networks important for stress responses and plant growth. Plant Physiology, 180: 124–152.
Ren T, Weraduwage SM, Sharkey TD (2018). Prospects for enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity by manipulating mesophyll cell morphology. Journal of Experimental Botany, 70: 1153-1165.
Weraduwage SM, Campos ML, Yoshida Y, Major I, Kim Y-S, Kim S-J, Renna L., Anozie FC, Brandizzi F, Thomashow MF, Howe GA, Sharkey TD (2018). Molecular mechanisms determining leaf architecture. In: Adams III W. W., Terashima I. (eds), The Leaf: A platform for performing photosynthesis. Advances in photosynthesis and respiration (Including Bioenergy and Related Processes), vol 44. Springer, Cham.
Campos ML, Yoshida Y, Major I, Ferreira OD, Weraduwage SM, Froehlich JE, Johnson B, Jander G, Sharkey TD, Howe GE (2016). Rewiring of jasmonate and phytochrome signaling uncouples plant growth-defense tradeoffs. Nature Communications, 7, 12570.
Weraduwage SM, Kim S-J, Renna L, Anozie FC, Sharkey TD, Brandizzi B (2016). Pectin methylesterification impacts the relationship between photosynthesis and plant growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiology, 171, 833-848.
Weraduwage SM, Rauf SA, Micallef MC, Marillia E-F, Taylor DC, Grodzinski B and Micallef BJ (2016). Increased mtPDH activity through antisense inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enhances inflorescence initiation, and inflorescence growth and harvest index at elevated CO₂in Arabidopsis thaliana. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 95.
Weraduwage SM, Chen J, Anozie FC, Morales A, Weise SE and Sharkey TD (2015). The relationship between leaf area growth and biomass accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Front. Plant Sci. 6, 167.
Keshav D, Weraduwage SM, Kane K, Rauf SA, Leonardos ED, Gadapati W, Savitch L, Singh J, Marillia E-F, Taylor DC, Micallef MC, Knowles V, Plaxton W, Barron J_, Sarhan F, Hüner N_, Grodzinski B and Micallef BJ (2014). Theme 3a: Enhancing biomass production and yield by maintaining enhanced capacity for CO₂ uptake in response to elevated CO₂. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 94: 1075-1083.
Leonardos ED, Rauf SA, Weraduwage SM, Marillia E-F, Taylor DC, Micallef BJ and Grodzinski B (2013). Photosynthetic capacity of the inflorescence is a major contributor to daily-C-gain and the responsiveness of growth to elevated CO₂in Arabidopsis thaliana with repressed expression of mitochondrial-pyruvate-dehydrogenase-kinase. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 107: 84–97.
Weraduwage SM, Micallef BJ, Grodzinski B, Taylor DC, and Marillia E-F (2011). Plant Systems: Roles of dark respiration in plant growth and productivity. In: Murray Moo-Young (ed.), Comprehensive Biotechnology, second edition, 4, 191–207. Elsevier,