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L'histoire du football
universitaire canadien (version anglaise)
History of Canadian University Football
By R. E. Watkins, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D. ©Copyright 1998-2004
Origins of the Canadian Intercollegiate
Game
Evolution of Canadian Football from English Rugby
Union and Association Football (Soccer) 1865-1897
- 1865 - record of an English rugby game played between
officers of a British army garrison in Montreal and a group of locals, (some of
whom were students at McGill University) which led to the adoption of the game
by McGill students and the subsequent, gradual adaptation (or Canadianization)
of the rules over the years
- 1874 - McGill University versus Harvard University exhibition series - two
games at Harvard (May 14 & 15, 1874), one at McGill (Autumn, 1874)
- these games are considered by many to be the beginnings of the two strains of
North American football (Canadian and American) as sports distinct from English
rugby and soccer
- 1879 - a match between the University of Toronto and the University of
Michigan was played in the United States in 1879; the return match was played in
Toronto in 1880, indicating further cross-fertilization of American and Canadian
rugby football rules which were becoming increasingly different from those of
English rugby
- 1881 - McGill visited Toronto for the first Canadian intercollegiate rugby
football game; the two schools subsequently played each other once a year, the
site of the game alternating between Toronto and Montreal except for the years
1890, 1893, 1896 and 1897; Toronto also played Queen’s University in 1887,
1890, 1891, 1893, 1895, 1896 and 1897 with the site of the games alternating
between Toronto and Kingston
- the University of Ottawa, the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC) and Royal
Military College (RMC) also played Canadian rugby football during the 1880’s
and 1890’s
- no intercollegiate league existed as such during this period, university
teams, as well as playing against each other, played in provincial unions and in
community leagues
- the evolution of the Canadian rugby football game from English rugby, is
illustrated by the fact that, by the mid-1890s, the eight-man, huddle-like scrum
of the latter had evolved to become a ten or eleven-man, laterally extended,
line of scrimmage in Canadian rugby football; the front row of the English rugby
scrum (the centre or hooker and the two props) had become, on the line of
scrimmage, the centre, who heeled the ball to the quarter, and two scrim
supports closely supporting and protecting the centre on either side; the second
and third (or back) rows of the scrum now lined up laterally on either side of
the scrim supports as inside, middle, outside and flying wings with a quarter,
two or three half-backs and a fullback in the backfield
Intercollegiate Football in
Central Canada
The Canadian Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union
(CIRFU) 1898-1914
- the CIRFU was established at a meeting held at Queen’s University, Kingston,
Ontario, Nov. 24, 1897
- the charter senior members of the union were McGill, Queen’s and Toronto
- there were three levels of play in the Union - senior, intermediate and
junior; the senior and intermediate series began play in the Autumn of 1898, the
junior series in 1906:
· the senior series: McGill, Queen’s and Toronto firsts;
· the intermediate series: McGill, Queen’s and Toronto seconds, other
colleges’ firsts (e.g., Ottawa, Bishop’s College, OAC, and McMaster
College);
· the junior series: senior teams’ thirds, other colleges’ (of the
intermediate series) seconds, and collegiate institutes’ firsts (i.e., public
and private secondary schools which were members of the Union).
- the University of Ottawa was a member of the senior series from 1905 to 1912;
RMC played in the senior series in 1913
- 1898 - the Yates Cup, emblematic of the senior series championship, was
donated by Dr. H. B. Yates of McGill - the Cup has been up for competition
continuously ever since (excepting the war years of 1915-1918 and 1940-1945)
- the intermediate champion was awarded the RMC Cup (first donated for
intercollegiate intermediate play in 1906)
- 1906 - the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (later to be called the
Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union Central [CIAUC] as its members were
located in Ontario and Quebec only) was formed and became the umbrella athletic
organization for all university sport in central Canada
- by 1903, one version of the Canadian-rules football game had twelve men per
side, the centre snapped the ball rather than heeled it to the quarter, putting
the ball into play via a throw-in from the sidelines (typical of English rugby)
was eliminated, and a team was given three plays to gain ten yards or lose
possession of the ball
- the CIRFU champions competed against the winners of other rugby football
unions for the Dominion championship; in 1909, 1910 and 1911 Toronto won the
Grey Cup; it was thought by many that the McGill Yates Cup teams of 1912 and
1913 would also have won national honours but McGill declined to participate in
the Grey Cup game due to the lateness of the season, the approaching exam period
and the consequent pressure of studies
- play was suspended in the CIRFU after completion of the 1914 season due to the
war effort
Post First World War Era (CIRFU) 1919-1939
- 1919 - play in the CIRFU resumed
- 1929 - the University of Western Ontario, after playing in the intermediate
series for several years following the First World War, joined McGill, Queen’s
and Toronto in the senior series; this series (league) would continue unchanged
as far as participating schools until the 1952-53 season
- 1930s - a typical alignment for the intermediate series, now known as the
Intermediate Intercollegiate Football Union (IIFU, 1934), consisted of three
divisions with following membership:
· West Division: OAC firsts, McMaster firsts and Western seconds;
· Central Division: RMC firsts, Queen’s seconds and Toronto seconds;
· East Division: Bishop’s firsts, Loyola College firsts and McGill seconds.
- other post-secondary institutions which may have played intermediate football
in the IIFU at this time or earlier and which later became, or merged with,
existing universities some time after the Second World War include Assumption
College (University of Windsor), Macdonald College (McGill University), St.
Patrick’s College (Carleton University) and Waterloo College (Waterloo
Lutheran University and the University of Waterloo)
- 1931 - the forward pass was incorporated into the rules of the intercollegiate
game
- 1934 - the CIRFU withdrew from competition for the national championship;
Toronto had won the Grey Cup in 1920, Queen’s in 1922, 1923, and 1924 while
the 1919 McGill Yates Cup team was considered a shoo-in for the Grey Cup but the
school again refused to play the game due to the pressure of studies
- 1935 - the CIRFU junior series was discontinued; those schools which fielded
junior teams (or thirds) beyond this point entered their teams in regional or
local community leagues
- play was again suspended in the CIRFU after completion of the 1939 season due
to the war effort
Post Second World War Era (SIFL/OQAA) 1946-1954
- 1946 - play in the CIRFU resumed
- the senior series was now called the Senior Intercollegiate Football League (SIFL)
- in the late 1940s and early 1950s three university football conferences
existed in central Canada: the senior series (SIFL or OQAA) and two conferences
of the Intercollegiate Intermediate Football Union (IIFU), the South-Western
Conference and the Ottawa-St. Lawrence Conference:
· SIFL/OQAA: McGill, Queen’s, Toronto and Western;
· IIFU South-Western Conference: McMaster University, OAC and Waterloo College
plus the intermediate teams from Western and Toronto;
· IIFU Ottawa-St. Lawrence (OSL) Conference: Bishop’s University, Carleton
University, Loyola College, Macdonald College, University of Ottawa, RMC, and
St. Patrick’s College plus the McGill seconds and the Queen’s seconds.
- 1952 - McMaster was admitted to the SIFL for a two-year trial period; their
1952 season was played as an exhibition series against the other members of the
league, the games of the 1953 season counted in the league standings
- 1953 - the OSL conference divided its football league into “A” and “B”
divisions; although membership varied from year to year, the most frequent
alignments were:
· “A” Division: Carleton, Ottawa, Loyola (1953 to 1955), RMC firsts, St.
Patrick’s College (1953 and 1954), McGill seconds and Queen’s seconds;
· “B” Division: Bishop’s, Collège Militaire Royal (CMR), Macdonald
College, RMC seconds and St. Patrick’s College (from 1955).
- 1954 - the SIFL reverted to a four-team league for the 1954 season amidst much
controversy over the league’s decision to exclude McMaster from permanent
membership; this decision is reported to have contributed substantially to the
eventual breakup in 1955 of the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union Central
(CIAUC), the umbrella intercollegiate athletic organization for central Canada
which had been formed in 1906
1955-1966: New Era for Senior Intercollegiate
Football in Central Canada
- 1955 - upon the disbanding of the CIAUC, the Ontario-Quebec Athletic
Association (OQAA) and the Ottawa-St.Lawrence Intercollegiate Athletic
Association (OSLIAA) were established as independent intercollegiate athletic
organizations
- the SIFL became known officially as the OQAA football conference although the
SIFL tag lingered for many years afterward; the OSL football conference became
the OSLIAA football conference
- the number of university football programs seeking competition at the senior
level mushroomed during this period
- upon becoming an autonomous intercollegiate athletic association, the OSLIAA
football conference decided to play exhibition games only against the
“seconds” of McGill and Queen’s rather than incorporate the latter teams
into their league; this decision was taken in order to reinforce the perception
that the OSLIAA was now playing “senior” level, not intermediate level,
football
- 1957 - the desire for senior football competition also led to the creation of
the Ontario Intercollegiate Football Conference (OIFC); this conference provided
the opportunity for competition at a “senior” level for those universities
and colleges which did not belong to, or who were not granted membership in, the
SIFL/OQAA senior series
- the original members of the OIFC were:
· Carleton, McMaster, OAC, RMC, Ottawa and the University of Waterloo (formerly
Waterloo College).
- the OSLIAA football conference continued as before although the two sections
or divisions by 1958 were called “Western” and “Eastern” rather than
“A” and “B”:
· Western Division: Carleton, RMC and Ottawa (note: all three members of this
Division were also simultaneously members of the OIFC);
· Eastern Division: Bishop’s, Loyola (from 1958), Macdonald College, RMC
seconds (who were asked to withdraw following the 1959 season) and St.
Patrick’s (note: CMR withdrew from competition following the 1957 season, the
program later returned to senior competition in 1965).
- 1960 - the OSLIAA football conference established a championship series
between the winners of the Eastern and Western divisions; thus the teams in the
Western division could be both OIFC champions and overall OSLIAA champions in
the same season, a feat the Ottawa team achieved in 1960, 1961 and 1965
- this period, as well as being noteworthy for the growth in the number of
schools which took up the intercollegiate game, is also noteworthy for the
frequent realignment of teams and leagues and, in its later stages, for the
number of schools which dropped their football programs for various economic,
competitive and/or philosophic reasons
- the Université de Montréal (circa 1960) and the Université de Sherbrooke
(circa 1960) established football programs which played exhibition games against
teams of the OSLIAA Eastern Division during the 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1965
seasons
- 1963 - Waterloo Lutheran University (WLU) joined the OIFC; Loyola transferred
from the Eastern Division to the Western Division of the Ottawa-St.Lawrence
Athletic Association (OSLAA, formerly the OSLIAA) and also began competition in
the OIFC:
· OIFC: Carleton, Loyola, McMaster, OAC, RMC, Ottawa, Waterloo and WLU;
· OSLAA Western Division: Carleton, Loyola, RMC and Ottawa;
· OSLAA Eastern Division: Bishop’s, CMR (1965 and 1966 only), Macdonald
College and St. Patrick’s.
- 1966 - Laurentian University and the Université de Montréal joined the OIFC
swelling the league’s membership to ten teams:
· OIFC: Carleton, Laurentian, Loyola, McMaster, Montréal, OAC, RMC, Ottawa,
Waterloo and WLU.
University Football in Ontario and Quebec from
1967 to 1980
- following completion of the 1966 season, St. Patrick’s College and CMR
withdrew from senior competition leaving the OSLAA Eastern Division with only
two teams: Bishop’s and Macdonald College; the CMR football program moved to
junior varsity status while St. Patrick’s College became a constituent college
of Carleton University resulting in the merger of the two football programs
- 1967 – for the 1967 season, the OIFC and the OSLAA football conferences
merged to form the twelve-team Central Canada Intercollegiate Football
Conference (CCIFC):
· CCIFC: Bishop’s, Carleton, Laurentian, Loyola, Macdonald College, McMaster,
Montréal, OAC, RMC, Ottawa, Waterloo, WLU.
- 1968 - McMaster and Waterloo withdrew from the CCIFC and joined the OQAA
football conference; two new programs joined the CCIFC-- the University of
Windsor and Sir George Williams University of Montreal--the CCIFC split into
East and West divisions for the 1968 season:
· OQAA: McGill, McMaster, Queen’s, Toronto, Waterloo, and Western;
· CCIFC East Division: Bishop’s, Loyola, Macdonald College, Montréal, RMC
and Sir George Williams;
· CCIFC West Division: Carleton, the University of Guelph (formerly OAC),
Laurentian, Ottawa, WLU and Windsor
- 1969 - York University joined the CCIFC West Division
- 1971 - a second significant realignment of teams and leagues took place: the
OQAA football conference and the CCIFC were folded into two football conferences
structured along provincial intercollegiate athletic association lines--the
Ontario University Athletic Association (OUAA) and the Quebec University
Athletic Association (QUAA)
- the OUAA football conference consisted of twelve teams divided into two
sections and four divisions:
· Eastern Section, Northern Division: Laurentian, Ottawa and York;
· Eastern Section, Capital Division: Carleton, Queen’s and Toronto;
· Western Section, Central Division: Guelph, McMaster and WLU;
· Western Section, West Division: Waterloo, Western and Windsor.
- the QUAA football conference consisted of eleven teams divided into two
sections, the Blue Division and the White Division:
· Blue Division: Bishop’s, Loyola, McGill, Montréal, RMC, and Sir George
Williams;
· White Division: CMR, Macdonald College, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM),
Université du Québec à Trois Rivières (UQTR) and Sherbrooke.
- at the time of reorganization, four of the QUAA White Division programs were
playing football at the junior varsity level only: CMR, UQAM, UQTR and
Sherbrooke
- early 1970s - the administration of athletics at the francophone universities
of Quebec underwent a major philosophic change during this period, emphasis was
being placed on community involvement and intramural athletic activities as
opposed to intercollegiate athletics (now considered somewhat elitist), this
shift in emphasis effected all the major intercollegiate sport programs at these
schools (e.g., basketball, football, hockey, soccer, volleyball, etc.)
- 1971 - following the 1971 season, the decline in the number of universities
football programs participating at the senior level began: Laurentian of the
OUAA withdrew (mainly for competitive and economic reasons); Montréal of the
QUAA withdrew (philosophic reasons); while RMC of the QUAA withdrew in order to
participate in the short-lived Ontario (Community) College Athletic Association
(OCAA) football conference
- 1972 - following the 1972 season CMR, UQAM and Sir George Williams of the QUAA
folded their football programs
- 1973 - following the 1973 season in the QUAA, the football program at
Macdonald College, a constituent college of McGill University, was merged with
that of its parent institution and played under the McGill banner, Sherbrooke
disbanded its program while UQTR stepped down from senior level football to play
at the junior varsity level leaving the conference with only three participating
schools for the next season: Bishop’s, Loyola, and McGill
- 1974 - consequently a third major conference realignment took place in time
for the 1974 season, the OUAA and QUAA football conferences were folded into the
Ontario-Quebec Intercollegiate Football Conference (OQIFC) consisting of two
divisions:
· OQIFC West Division: Guelph, Laurier (now Wilfrid Laurier University,
formerly Waterloo Lutheran University), McMaster, Waterloo, Western, Windsor and
York;
· OQIFC East Division: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia University (created by
an amalgamation of Loyola College and Sir George Williams University in 1974),
McGill, Ottawa, Queen’s and Toronto.
- 1976 - for this and subsequent years, Toronto transferred from the OQIFC East
Division to the OQIFC West Division:
· West Division: Guelph, Laurier, McMaster, Toronto, Waterloo, Western, Windsor
and York;
· East Division: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, McGill, Ottawa, and
Queen’s.
- 1977 - UQTR re-established its senior football program and joined the OQIFC
East:
· East Division: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, McGill, Ottawa, Queen’s and
UQTR.
- 1979 - following this season, UQTR of the OQIFC East Division ceased football
operations
- 1974 to 1979 (inclusive) - the historic Yates Cup was awarded jointly to the
winners of the OQIFC East and West Divisions
University Football in Central Canada from 1980 to
2000
- 1980 - one change in league names took place, the eight-team OQIFC West
Division was renamed the OUAA football conference while the now six-team OQIFC
East Division became simply the OQIFC without a division appellation, the
conference alignments were as follows:
· OUAA: Guelph, Laurier, McMaster, Waterloo, Western, Toronto, Windsor and
York;
· OQIFC: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, McGill, Ottawa, and Queen’s.
- 1980 - the Yates Cup was now awarded solely to the OUAA champions while a new
trophy--the Dunsmore Cup--was presented to the champions of the OQIFC
- 1988 - the governing body of university sport in Quebec, the Quebec
Universities Athletic Association (QUAA) became a part of the Quebec Student
Sport Federation (QSSF) which assumed responsibility for all scholastic sport in
the province at the secondary, CEGEP and university levels
- the twenty-one year period from 1980 to 2000 was characterized above all by
stability with only two changes in participating programs having taken place
- 1996 - Laval University joined the OQIFC:
· OQIFC: Bishop’s, Carleton, Concordia, Laval, McGill, Ottawa, and Queen’s.
- 1997 - one more conference/athletic association name change took place, the
Ontario Universities Athletic Association (OUAA) changed its name to Ontario
University Athletics (OUA) thus the OUAA football conference became the OUA
football conference
- 1999 - Carleton folded its football program following the 1998 season, once
again leaving the OQIFC with six teams:
· OQIFC: Bishop’s, Concordia, Laval, McGill, Ottawa, and Queen’s.
University Football in Central Canada from 2001 to
the Present
- 2001 - Ottawa and Queen’s left the OQIFC to joining the OUA making this
latter a 10-team football conference; the OQIFC shortened its name to the Quebec
Interuniversity Football Conference (QIFC):
· OUA: Guelph, Laurier, McMaster, Ottawa, Queen’s, Waterloo, Western,
Toronto, Windsor and York;
· QIFC: Bishop’s, Concordia, Laval and McGill.
- 2002 - the QIFC welcomed the Université de Montréal Carabins as a fifth
member of the league, this school had not had a varsity football program since
1971; the QIFC and the Atlantic Universities Football Conference (AUFC) agreed
to begin interlocking play for the 2002 season on a two-year trial basis
- 2003 – the Université de Sherbrooke, a school which had not fielded a
football team since 1974, joined the QIFC
· QIFC: Bishop’s, Concordia, Laval, McGill, Montréal and Sherbrooke
Intercollegiate Football in Western
Canada
The Western Intercollegiate Rugby Football Union (WIRFU)
1927-1963
- 1920 - the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Association (WCIAA) was
formed with the Universities of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta as charter
members
- 1922 - inter-university exhibition football play began; the Hardy Trophy,
donated by Professor Evan Hardy of the University of Saskatchewan (known as
“the father of western inter-collegiate football”), was awarded to the
winner of the annual series between Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
- 1923 - the University of British Columbia (UBC) joined the WCIAA
- 1927 - the WIRFU consisting of three of the four WCIAA universities and
featuring regular scheduled league play was established with the Hardy Trophy
awarded to the league champion, UBC joined the league in 1928
- all four universities fielded Canadian rugby football teams before 1927,
certainly in the early 1920s if not before--Alberta first established a varsity
football program in 1910, Saskatchewan in 1914, UBC in 1924, while Manitoba is
known to have won the Hardy Trophy in 1923 and 1924 and had fielded a varsity
team in 1920
- the WIRFU was not strictly an intercollegiate league until the mid-1960s;
because of the economics of travel, the teams competed against intermediate,
senior and professional teams within their respective provinces or aligned
themselves with leagues south of the border (e.g., UBC) as well as playing
against each other
- there was no competition for the Hardy Trophy in 1925, 1932, 1940, 1942-1943
and during the period 1949 to 1958
- UBC did not participate in WIRFU play during the years 1935, 1941 and from
1946 to 1948
- each of the four western provinces had their own autonomous Rugby Football
Unions, the WIRFU teams were required to compete against other (e.g., city)
teams in their respective provincial Unions in the quest for the provincial
championship, the right to move on to the Western Canadian championship and
subsequently, to challenge for the Grey Cup
- unfortunately, no WIRFU member was ever successful in the quest to represent
the West in the Grey Cup game; they did come close however, for example, in 1926
Alberta narrowly lost to the Regina Roughriders in the Western Canadian
championship game; in 1927, UBC lost a two-game, total points series against
Regina for the championship; in 1934, Alberta lost in the semifinals of the
Western championship
- several times over the period between 1920 and 1952, the western universities
(UBC in particular) challenged the CIRFU/SIFL of central Canada to a national
intercollegiate championship game but were rebuffed by the latter ostensibly due
to the lateness of the season and the pressure of studies
- 1930 - UBC participated in the first Canadian football game ever played at
night under lights when they traveled to Hamilton to play a pre-season game
against the Hamilton Tigers of the Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU), UBC lost
the game 38-1
- 1949 to 1958 - Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba disbanded their football
program during this time period, UBC maintained its football program playing a
schedule featuring American schools
- 1949 - an interesting piece of trivia concerns the ceasing of football
operations by Alberta coinciding with the re-establishment of the professional
Edmonton Eskimos football franchise--the university donated their football
jerseys to the Eskimos thus establishing the tradition of wearing green and gold
colours by the professional club
- 1953 - the first inter-conference game between a western Canadian university
team and a CIRFU/SIFL representative took place; it was an invitational
pre-season match between McGill and UBC for the newly established Churchill Bowl
and was played at McGill’s Molson Stadium, McGill won the game 22-4
The Western Intercollegiate Football League (WIFL)
1964-1971
- 1959 - Alberta and Saskatchewan re-instated football as a varsity sport for
the 1959 season
- 1960s - the league was variously called the Western Canada Intercollegiate
Athletic Association (WCIAA) football conference and the Western Intercollegiate
Football League (WIFL)
- 1962 - Manitoba re-instated football as a varsity sport
- early-to-mid-1960s - UBC played half of their schedule against the three other
WIFL teams with American college competition making up the other half
- 1964 - the WIFL welcomed the University of Alberta at Calgary (UAC) as a
league member; the school later became the University of Calgary (1967)
- in the 1964, 1965, 1968 and 1969 seasons, UBC withdrew from participation in
WIFL league play, the program continued to compete against American college
teams during that time and did play some exhibitions games against Canadian
university opponents
- 1970 - UBC rejoined the WIFL for the 1970 season and has participated fully in
league play every season since
The Canada West Universities Athletic Association
Football Conference (CWUAA) 1972 to 1998
- 1972 - the WCIAA split into two intercollegiate athletic associations
organized along geographic lines: the Canada West Universities Athletic
Association (CWUAA) and the Great Plains Athletic Conference (GPAC)
- all schools of the WIFL except Manitoba were members of the CWUAA, this latter
institution was immediately granted playing privileges in the CWUAA football
conference
- the league remained a stable five-team organization until 1998
The Canada West Football Conference (CW) 1999 to
the Present
- 1999 - the CWUAA and the GPAC re-integrated into one athletic association now
called Canada West (CW)
- the league had remained a stable five-team organization from 1970 until the
1999 season at which time it was joined by the University of Regina Rams
(enabling the playing of a balanced schedule for the first time in its modern
history)
- 2002 - the league expanded to a seven teams with the addition of the Simon
Fraser University (SFU) Clan; the Clan had previously (1965 to 2001) played
American four-down football in a college football conference south of the border
· CW: Alberta, UBC, Calgary, Manitoba, Regina, Saskatchewan and SFU
Intercollegiate Football in Atlantic
Canada
Canadian Football in the Halifax and Nova Scotia
1940-1957
- until the second World War, English rugby and soccer were the predominant
“football” games played in the Maritime Intercollegiate Athletic Association
(MIAA, founded in 1910) aside from a very brief flirtation with American
four-down football in the late 1930s
- with the influx of servicemen from other parts of Canada (where Canadian
football was a popular sport) to Armed Forces Bases in the area such as the
Stadacona, Shearwater and Cornwallis Naval Bases and the Greenwood Air Force
Base, Canadian-rules football gained more prominence in the Halifax area and,
not surprisingly, was taken up by some of the local universities and colleges
- 1942 and 1944-46 - Saint Mary’s High School/College fielded a team in the
Halifax High School Canadian Football League (HHSCFL)
- 1947 - Dalhousie University first fielded a team in the intermediate Halifax
City Canadian Football League (HCCFL), a league consisting of teams from the
Stadacona and Shearwater Naval Bases and the Saint Mary’s Grads; the latter
team, made up of students from Saint Mary’s College (SMC) and the Saint
Mary’s Amateur Athletic Club, lasted only one year in the league
- 1948 - Dalhousie played an exhibition game in Halifax against the McGill
seconds (McGill’s intermediate team); score: McGill 12, Dalhousie 5
- 1951 - the Nova Scotia Canadian Football League (NSCFL) is formed replacing
the HCCFL, Dalhousie is a member of this new intermediate league along with
armed forces and community teams
- 1952 - Saint Mary’s College (SMC) becomes Saint Mary’s University (SMU)
- 1952 - Royal Military College (RMC) of Kingston, Ontario, played an exhibition
game against Dalhousie in Halifax; score: RMC 46, Dalhousie 24
- 1953 - St. Francis Xavier University (StFX) fielded a Canadian-rules football
team for the first time, the team played exhibition games in their first season
- 1953 - the Nova Scotia Junior Canadian Football League (NSJCFL) was formed; it
had varying membership over the years which included SMU, StFX, Armed Forces and
Halifax community teams
- 1954 - StFX joined the NSCFL, increasing the number of varsity sides in the
intermediate league to two
- 1954 - McMaster University of Hamilton, Ontario, played an exhibition game
against the StFX intermediates at Antigonish, N.S.; score: McMaster 35, StFX 13
- 1956 - Acadia University fielded its first Canadian-rules football team; two
exhibition games in that inaugural season against an Armed Services team from
Halifax and the University of New Brunswick
- 1957 - Acadia joined the NSJCFL
Canadian Football in New Brunswick and Prince
Edward Island 1948-1958
- similar to the situation in Nova Scotia, Canadian-rules football gained
prominence in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island following the second World
War; as the number of MIAA schools playing English rugby in Nova Scotia declined
and the opportunities for competition therefore became limited, some New
Brunswick MIAA schools (and later St. Dunstan’s University of PEI) decided to
take up the “new” Canadian game
- 1948 - the University of New Brunswick (UNB) fielded a Canadian-rules football
team which played exhibition games during its first year
- 1949 - St. Thomas College of Chatham (later, in 1964, of Fredericton) fielded
its first Canadian-rules football squad as did St. Joseph’s College of
Memramcook (which subsequently evolved into the Université de Moncton in 1963)
- 1949 - the first intercollegiate Canadian football game played in New
Brunswick took place between UNB and St. Thomas
- 1949 - formation of the New Brunswick Football League (NBFL) consisting of
teams from UNB, St. Thomas and two city teams
- 1952 - St. Thomas (STU) represented New Brunswick in the first, though
unofficial, Maritime football championship, the game was played in Halifax
against the Nova Scotia champions, the Shearwater Flyers (an Armed Forces team),
STU lost 14-6
- 1953 - UNB played Dalhousie for the Maritime football championship
- 1955 - Mount Allison University fielded a Canadian-rules football team which
played an exhibition schedule during its first year
- 1956 - Mount Allison joined the NBFL and represented it in the Maritime
Football Championship against the winners of the NSCFL (i.e., the Greenwood Air
Force Base team)
- 1957 - Mount Allison again represented New Brunswick in the Maritime final
(played at Moncton) losing 40-18 to the Shearwater Flyers
- 1956 - STU played Saint Mary’s for the Maritime junior championship
- 1957 - St. Dunstan’s University of Prince Edward Island initiated a
Canadian-rules football program playing an exhibition
schedule in their first season
University Football in Atlantic Canada 1958-1973
- 1958 - the junior Maritime Intercollegiate Football League (MIFL) was formed;
the new league had participants from universities located in Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick and Prince Edward Island:
· teams from Nova Scotia: Acadia and Saint Mary’s University (SMU)
· teams from New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island: Mount Allison University,
UNB, STU and St. Dunstan’s.
- 1958 - UNB won the inaugural MIFL championship with a 36 to 3 win over SMU
- 1959 - the Atlantic bowl, which was inaugurated in 1956 for competition
between the winner of the NSCFL football conference and championship
intermediate teams from Central Canada became restricted to competition between
the NSCFL champions and the winners of the Ontario Intercollegiate Football
Conference (OIFC) in Central Canada; StFX, the NSCFL champion, hosted the
Ontario Agricultural College (OAC), champion of the OIFC; this game was the
first non-exhibition game involving a university opponent from another region of
the country and an MIAA school; score, OAC 14, StFX 26
- 1960 - the two tier Atlantic Football Conference (AFC) was formed replacing
the NSJCFL, the MIFL and the intermediate NSCFL, it consisted of the following
teams:
· “A” Section: Dalhousie, Mount Allison, UNB, StFX and two Armed Forces
teams;
· “B” Section: Acadia, St. Dunstan’s, Saint Mary’s, St. F.X. (Juniors),
STU and one Armed Forces team.
- 1960 - the Jewett Trophy (the MIAA championship trophy) was first awarded
- 1962 - Acadia and St. Dunstan’s were promoted from the “B” Section of
the AFC to the “A” Section:
· “A” (or Senior) Section: Acadia, Dalhousie, Mount Allison, UNB, Saint
Mary’s, St. Dunstan’s, StFX, and two Armed Forces teams;
· “B” Section: became a junior varsity league.
- 1965 - league composition became limited to varsity teams which were members
of the MIAA partly in response to the creation of a national intercollegiate
football championship (the Canadian College Bowl, later to become the Vanier
Cup), the desire of MIAA members to compete for it, and the consequent
requirement for them to conform to the regulations of the national governing
body of intercollegiate athletics--the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (CIAU)--which
frowned upon league play with non-CIAU members (in this case the Armed Services
teams)
- 1965 - consequently, the Bluenose (Senior) Football Conference was formed
consisting of the following teams:
· Acadia, Dalhousie, St. Dunstan’s, Mount Allison, UNB, Saint Mary’s and
StFX
- 1966 - the league’s name was changed to the Maritime Intercollegiate
Athletic Association (MIAA) football conference
- 1969 - another league/athletic association name change--the MIAA became the
Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (AIAA), this latter change in
recognition of the addition of Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN) as a
member of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association; the football conference
therefore became the AIAA football conference
- 1970 - St. Dunstan’s University amalgamated with the Prince of Wales College
of Charlottetown to become the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI)
The Atlantic Universities Football Conference (AUFC)
1974 to the Present
- 1974 - still another association and conference name change--the AIAA was now
called the Atlantic Universities Athletic Association with the football
conference becoming the AUAA FC
- over the years the AUAA football conference has been more popularly referred
to as the Atlantic Universities Football Conference (AUFC)
- as with university football in central Canada, the decade of the 1970s, for
economic, competitive and/or philosophic reasons, took its toll on football
programs in the Atlantic provinces:
· 1976 - Dalhousie folded its football program following the 1976 season;
· 1979 - UPEI folded its program following the 1979 season;
· 1980 - UNB folded its program following the 1980 season.
- 1990 - the University College of Cape Breton (UCCB) initiated a football
program which played for that one season only
- since 1980 the current alignment of teams has been stable:
· AUFC: Acadia, Mount Allison, Saint Mary’s and StFX
- late 1999 - the governing body of university athletics in the Atlantic region
(the AUAA) once again changed its name, this time to Atlantic University Sport
(AUS)
- 2002 - the AUFC and the Quebec Interuniversity Football Conference (QIFC)
agreed to begin interlocking play for the 2002 and 2003 seasons
Intercollegiate
Football - National and Regional Championships
Introduction
- prior to 1953 - no record of post-season intercollegiate, inter-league play at
the senior level; furthermore, there was no national umbrella organization for
the governance of interuniversity sport (including football) in Canada under
whose auspices a national championship game could be organized and played; it
was not until 1961, with the formation of the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic
Union (CIAU) that such a national body whose membership consisted of the various
regional intercollegiate athletics associations across the country, was put in
place
- 1953-1964 - inter-league invitational and challenge matches, either pre-season
or post-season, did occur on a somewhat hit-and-miss basis during this pre-Vanier
Cup period
- 1965 - the Canadian College Bowl (for the Vanier Cup), a national invitational
championship for Canadian university football, was established; winners of the
five existing university football conferences (AUFC, OSLAA, OIFC, OQAA and WIFL)
were eligible for selection as contestants in the championship game
- 1968 - a truly national intercollegiate football championship game did not
occur until this year when the champions of the now four existing football
conferences (AUFC, CCIFC, OQAA and WIFL) met in two semi-final bowl games with
the winners advancing to the Vanier Cup game
- following is a brief run-down of the history of these events
Churchill Bowl (and other early inter-league play)
1953-1964
- the Sir Winston Churchill Bowl game was originally established as an annual,
often pre-season, invitational football contest between the sister universities
of McGill and UBC in aid of the Canadian Paraplegic Association
- the trophy emblematic of the Churchill Bowl is a sculpture created by R. Tait
MacKenzie entitled “The Onslaught”
- 1953 - the first Churchill Bowl was played at McGill’s Molson Stadium
between McGill and UBC, it was a pre-season match-up with McGill winning 22-4
- 1954 - the second game between McGill and UBC was again held at McGill’s
Molson Stadium and again was a pre-season affair, outcome: McGill 8, UBC 5; in
this same year, UBC also played a post-season game against Toronto who were the
1954 Yates Cup champion and which the latter won 5 to 3; and McMaster University
of the South-Western Conference played a post-season game against StFX of the
MIAA at Antigonish, N.S., score: McMaster 35, StFX 13
- 1955 - the third pre-season game of the McGill/UBC series took place at
UBC’s Thunderbird Stadium, outcome: McGill 0, UBC 0
- 1956 - this year the Churchill trophy was a pre-season invitational match
between Western and UBC played at Thunderbird Stadium, outcome: Western 38, UBC
13
- 1957 - a second pre-season challenge match between Western and UBC, this time
played at J. W. Little Stadium, London, Ontario, score: Western 54, UBC 0
- 1958 - a return to the McGill/UBC pre-season series this year held at
Thunderbird Stadium, McGill 9, UBC 6
- 1959 - for the first time, the Churchill Bowl game was a post-season affair
involving two teams which had won their respective conference titles: Western,
the Yates Cup (OQAA), and UBC, the Hardy Trophy (WIFL, the first time the trophy
had been competed for since 1948); the game was played at Varsity Stadium,
Toronto, outcome: Western 34, UBC 7
- although the claim was made by many of those involved in organizing and
playing in the 1959 Churchill Bowl that the game was for the national Canadian
university football championship, the claim is disputable in that the other
three intercollegiate leagues of the day, also claiming to play senior level
university football--the OSLIAA, OIFC and MIAA conferences--were not involved
and thus not represented; the point is made by supporters, however, that
although all five leagues claimed to be playing football at the senior level,
the level of competition in the OQAA and the WIFL was, in their eyes at least,
superior to that of the other conferences
- interestingly, also in 1959, play for the Atlantic Bowl at the university
level was inaugurated; this bowl game was first established in 1956 and was
originally competed for by the winner of the MIAA football conference and mostly
championship intermediate teams from Central Canada; in 1959 participation
became restricted to the MIAA champions and the winners of the OIFC, one of
three university football conferences then in existence in Central Canada; the
first university inter-conference Atlantic Bowl was won by StFX of the MIAA over
the Ontario Agricultural College (OAC, now the University of Guelph) of the OIFC
by a score of 26-14
- 1960 - for the second straight year, the Yates Cup winner (McGill) and the
Hardy Trophy winner (Alberta) met in the Churchill Bowl, score: McGill 46,
Alberta 7
- 1961 - some confusion as to whether a Churchill Bowl game was played or not;
one source reports that Queen’s, the Yates Cup winner, was supposed to play
UBC, the Hardy Trophy winner, but the game did not take place; McGill did play
an inter-conference, pre-season game against StFX which may have been for the
Churchill trophy, outcome: McGill 21, StFX 7
- 1962 - the Churchill Bowl game in 1962 was a pre-season affair, McGill
challenged St. Francis Xavier, the 1961 Atlantic Bowl winners, to a match at
McGill’s Molson Stadium which sources agree was for the Churchill trophy,
McGill 13, StFX 6
- 1963 - again, some confusion as to whether or not a Churchill Bowl game was
played; McGill, the 1962 Yates Cup champion did play a pre-season game against
StFX, the 1962 Jewett Trophy winner, in Antigonish, N.S., which at least one
source claims to have been for the Churchill trophy, McGill 7, StFX 14
- 1963 - also in 1963, Alberta (winners of the WIFL Hardy Trophy) challenged
Queen’s (that year’s OQAA Yates Cup winners) to a post-season match (but not
for the Churchill trophy) which was played in Edmonton, outcome: Queen’s 7,
Alberta 25
- 1964 - more confusion as to whether or not a Churchill Bowl game was played;
McGill did play an exhibition game against Saint Mary’s in Halifax, score:
McGill 31, Saint Mary’s 14; also in 1964, McMaster and UBC played a mid-season
exhibition game with UBC winning 47-0
- 1964 - Queen’s (Yates Cup winners) and Alberta (Hardy Trophy winners) seemed
destined to meet again in post-season challenge play this year however McMaster
(OIFC champions) challenged Queen’s to a post-season match which Queen’s was
obliged to accept; Queen’s administration had instituted a rule some years
earlier which stipulated that, for academic reasons, Queen’s could play one
post-season game only, therefore, the Queen’s/Alberta match never took place;
Queen’s did play and defeat McMaster 63-6
- 1965 - another mid-season affair was played between McMaster and UBC with the
game ending in an 8-8 draw
Churchill Bowl 1965 to 2002
- 1965 - the Churchill Bowl was retired from competition as a consequence of the
establishment of an invitational, national university football championship by
the Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU) in 1965--the Canadian College
Bowl--the winner to receive a new trophy donated by the incumbent Governor
General of Canada: the Vanier Cup
- 1967 - the Canadian College Bowl for the Vanier Cup became potentially a truly
national championship game with the winners of the four university leagues at
the time--AUFC, CCIFC, OQAA and WIFL--meeting in two semi-final games, the
Atlantic Bowl and a second bowl game
- 1967 - while an Atlantic Bowl game was played this year, the other semi-final
bowl game did not take place due to the fact that Toronto (the Yates Cup
winner), which was to play Alberta (the Hardy Trophy winner), declined to
participate citing scheduling problems and academic pressures
- 1968 - the inaugural game of the second semi-final bowl game which was later
to become known as the Churchill Bowl took place; Queen’s of the OQAA played
Manitoba of the WIFL for the right to advance to the Vanier Cup
- 1989 - the Churchill trophy, which had been in storage at McGill for more than
twenty years, was resurrected, at the request of the CIAU, for presentation to
the winner of the semi-final bowl game heretofore known variously as the Western
Bowl, the Central Bowl, the Prairie Bowl and the Forest City Bowl; in the CIAU
record book (i.e., the CIAU Almanac), these previous bowl games (from 1968 to
1988) have been retroactively listed as Churchill Bowl games
- 2003 - the Churchill Bowl and its trophy were retired before the commencement
of the 2003 football season upon the establishment of a new semi-final bowl game
for the 2003 season--the Uteck Bowl
Atlantic Bowl 1959 to 2001
- 1959 - the Atlantic Bowl, inaugurated in 1956 for competition between the
winner of the MIAA football conference and mostly championship intermediate or
junior teams from Central Canada, became restricted to competition between
university teams--the MIAA champions and the winners of one of the three
university football conferences in Central Canada; the first university
inter-conference Atlantic Bowl was won by StFX of the MIAA over the Ontario
Agricultural College (OAC, now the University of Guelph) of the OIFC by a score
of 26-14
- 1959-1961 - the MIAA champions played against the winners of the OIFC
- 1962-1963 - the MIAA champions played against the winners of the OQAA football
conference
- 1964 - the Atlantic Bowl game was once again competed for by the MIAA and the
OIFC title winners
- 1965-1966 - Atlantic Bowl competition was suspended due to the establishment
of the invitational Canadian College Bowl
- 1967 - the Atlantic Bowl was re-established, now serving as one of the two
semi-final bowl games leading up to the national championship--the Vanier Cup;
McMaster of the CCIFC played StFX of the AUFC for the right to move on to the
Vanier Cup
- from 1967 until 2001, with the one exception noted below, the Atlantic Bowl
was competed for in Halifax each year by the winners of the AUFC and, on a
rotational basis, the winners of one of the other three university football
conferences
- 1983 - for this one year only, the Atlantic Bowl featured two teams from the
AUAA football conference (StFX and Acadia) with the winner not proceeding to the
Vanier Cup; this state of affairs resulted from a dispute between the AUAA and
the CIAU over the venue of the Atlantic Bowl game; the CIAU, under pressure from
one or more of the other university football conferences, wished to rotate the
site of the game, the AUAA refused and withdrew from Vanier Cup competition; the
Atlantic Bowl was re-established as a semi-final game for the Vanier Cup for the
1984 season
- 2003 - the governing body of football within Canadian Interuniversity Sport
(CIS, formerly known as the CIAU) decided that the semi-final bowl game formerly
known as the Atlantic Bowl must alternate between the Atlantic University Sports
(AUS, formerly the AUAA) site and a site located in one of the other three
conferences, this decision marked the end of the forty-three year history of the
Atlantic Bowl
Mitchell Bowl 2002 to the Present
- 2002 - a new semi-final bowl game and trophy, named the Mitchell Bowl, was
inaugurated to replace the Atlantic Bowl
- the Mitchell Bowl constituted the annual easternmost semi-final bowl game held
in any given year, the Churchill Bowl the westernmost annual semi-final bowl
game
- the first Mitchell Bowl game was played at Montreal, Québec, between McGill
and Saskatchewan
- the trophy and bowl game were named in honour of Doug Mitchell, former CIS (CIAU)
player, CFL player, CFL broadcaster, Commissioner of the CFL and the individual
mainly responsible for the establishment in 1992-1993 of the Howard Mackie
awards which were created to honour the CIS male and female athletes of the year
- 2003 - with the establishment of the Uteck Bowl, the Mitchell Bowl now became
emblematic of the of the westernmost national semi-final bowl game
Uteck Bowl 2003 to the Present
- 2003 - a new semi-final bowl game and trophy, named the Uteck Bowl, was
inaugurated
- the Uteck Bowl will be awarded on an annual basis to the winner of the
easternmost national semi-final bowl game
- the trophy and bowl game are named in honour of Larry Uteck, former CIS (CIAU)
player, CFL player, Head Coach of the Saint Mary’s University (SMU) Huskies,
SMU Athletic Director and community leader/municipal politician in the greater
Halifax Metropolitan Area
Vanier Cup 1965 to the Present
- 1965-1966 - an invitational national championship was inaugurated by the
Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union (CIAU)--the Canadian College Bowl--the
winner to receive a new trophy donated by the Governor General of Canada of the
day: the Vanier Cup; the winners of the five existing university football
conferences (AUFC, OSLAA, OIFC, OQAA and WIFL) were eligible for selection as
contestants in the championship game
- 1967 - the Canadian College Bowl potentially became a national championship
game with the winners of the now four university football conferences (i.e.,
AUFC, CCIFC, OQAA and WIFL) meeting in two semi-final games--the Atlantic Bowl
and what was to become known as the Churchill Bowl--for the right to compete for
the Vanier Cup
- 1967 - while an Atlantic Bowl game was played in 1967, the other bowl game did
not take place due to the fact that Toronto (the Yates Cup winner) declined to
participate citing scheduling problems and academic pressures thus allowing the
Hardy Trophy winner (Alberta) to advance directly to the Vanier Cup game against
the winner of the Atlantic Bowl (McMaster)
- 1968 - the Vanier Cup truly became a national university football
championship; both of the semi-final bowl games were played thus ensuring that
the two best football teams in the country (Queen’s, the Churchill Bowl
champion and WLU, the Atlantic Bowl winner) participated in the Vanier Cup game
and that the winner of the game (Queen’s), could truly be called the national
championship team of Canadian university football
- 1982 - the name of the national championship game was changed from the
Canadian College Bowl to the Vanier Cup, Canada’s University Football
Championship
- 1983 - Calgary (the Hardy Trophy winner) advanced directly to the Vanier Cup
game against the winner of the Churchill Bowl (Queen’s) because of a dispute
between the CIAU and the AUAA over the venue of the Atlantic Bowl; an Atlantic
Bowl game was played featuring two teams from the AUAA football conference,
however, the winner (StFX) did not advance to the Vanier Cup; the Atlantic Bowl
was re-established as a semi-final bowl game for the 1984 season; two semi-final
bowl games have been played every year since thus rendering the Vanier Cup game,
once again, truly the national championship game
- 2001 - the CIAU, the national umbrella governing body of Canadian university
sport (including football) was renamed and became Canadian Interuniversity Sport
(CIS)
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